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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Paediatric acquired pathological vertebral collapse.

Hassan Hirji1, Asif Saifuddin

  • 1North West London Hospitals NHS Trust Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK.

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|January 10, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric vertebral collapse can lead to deformity and illness. This review covers common causes in children, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis and osteomyelitis, focusing on imaging findings.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Skeletal Diseases
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Vertebral collapse in children presents unique diagnostic challenges compared to adults.
  • It carries a significant risk of associated deformity and morbidity in the pediatric population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common acquired pathological causes of vertebral collapse in children.
  • To correlate these conditions with characteristic imaging findings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging findings for common pediatric vertebral collapse etiologies.
  • Discussion of conditions including Langerhans cell histiocytosis, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
  • Inclusion of other causes like pyogenic osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, and neoplastic lesions.

Main Results:

  • Langerhans cell histiocytosis, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and osteogenesis imperfecta are key differential diagnoses.
  • Imaging characteristics vary among infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and congenital causes.
  • Distinguishing these entities is crucial for appropriate management.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing typical imaging patterns aids in diagnosing the underlying cause of pediatric vertebral collapse.
  • A broad differential diagnosis is essential, considering both common and rare etiologies.
  • Accurate diagnosis through imaging is critical for guiding treatment and improving patient outcomes.