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Related Concept Videos

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer01:22

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

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The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium:
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Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

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Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
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Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate01:29

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Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting,...
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Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
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Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG01:26

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Blood studies are critical in the medical field, enabling healthcare professionals to assess a patient's health status accurately. This page will focus on two significant blood studies: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) and Venous Blood Gas (VBG).
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Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) studies are crucial for assessing the lungs' ability to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, reflecting the patient's ventilation status. They also help understand the kidneys' capacity to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats
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[Gas analysis in bicarbonate dialysis].

Marco Marano

    Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
    |January 10, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bicarbonate hemodialysis can paradoxically cause respiratory acidosis in patients with kidney failure. Careful monitoring is essential, as the artificial kidney and patient lungs work together, potentially leading to CO2 imbalance.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Acid-Base Physiology

    Context:

    • Uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) often have acid-base abnormalities.
    • Bicarbonate dialysis, while treating metabolic acidosis, can introduce complex acid-base challenges.
    • The interplay between the artificial kidney and the patient's respiratory system is crucial during HD.

    Purpose:

    • To highlight the simultaneous exposure to four fundamental acid-base disorders during bicarbonate dialysis.
    • To explain the mechanism by which bicarbonate HD can lead to iatrogenic respiratory acidosis.
    • To emphasize the importance of recognizing and managing CO2-related complications in hemodialysis patients.

    Summary:

    • Bicarbonate hemodialysis involves a dialysate with high CO2 concentration, facilitating CO2 diffusion into the blood.

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  • This process, coupled with respiratory compensation, can lead to iatrogenic respiratory acidosis, especially in patients with comorbid respiratory conditions.
  • The artificial kidney and patient's lungs collaborate, but this can result in a clinically relevant CO2 imbalance.

    • Impact:

    • Failure to recognize iatrogenic respiratory acidosis during HD may necessitate ventilatory support.
    • Highlights the need for vigilant acid-base monitoring in nephrology practice.
    • Underscores the critical role of nephrologists in managing complex HD-related complications.