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LAST (local anesthetic systemic toxicity) but not least: systemic lidocaine toxicity during cardiac intervention

Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat1, Piyapon Thisayakorn, Juan F Viles-Gonzalez

  • 1Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, 1295 NW 14th Street, Suite 4062, Miami, FL 33136 USA. j.vilesgonzalez@med.miami.edu.

The Journal of Invasive Cardiology
|January 10, 2014
PubMed

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
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