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Lower extremity biomechanical changes associated with symmetrical torso loading during simulated marching.

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  • 1Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 15 Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760.

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Summary

Soldiers walking with heavier loads showed increased knee extension moments. Hip and ankle muscles were key for propulsion, demonstrating load magnitude effects on lower extremity biomechanics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Military Physiology

Background:

  • The relationship between external load magnitude and biomechanical responses is not fully understood.
  • Load distribution, such as different pack types, can alter torso center of mass, confounding results.
  • Investigating load magnitude effects independent of postural shifts is crucial for accurate biomechanical analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the dose-response relationship between external load magnitude and sagittal plane lower extremity mechanics.
  • To assess how varying load magnitudes affect joint angles and moments during walking.
  • To differentiate the biomechanical adaptations to load magnitude from those caused by postural changes.

Main Methods:

  • Fourteen Soldiers walked on a force-sensing treadmill at a consistent speed (1.34 m/s).
  • Participants completed trials with no load (BW_00), a 15 kg load (BW_15), and a 55 kg load (BW_55).
  • Sagittal plane joint angles and moments were analyzed using 1-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • Knee extension moments significantly increased with both 15 kg and 55 kg loads compared to no load (p < 0.003).
  • Increased knee moments in early stance helped counteract the load (BW_15).
  • Hip extensors and ankle dorsiflexors were primary contributors to propulsion during late stance.

Conclusions:

  • Load magnitude directly influences lower extremity biomechanics, specifically increasing knee extension moments.
  • The lower extremity adapts to increased load magnitude through distinct joint and muscle strategies during different gait phases.
  • This study provides insights into load-related biomechanics without confounding postural changes from pack distribution.