Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026
Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
Published on: May 23, 2020
Cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery for North Indian population
Satinder Pal Singh1, Ashok Kumar Utreja1, Ashok Kumar Jena1
1Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to establish the cephalometric hard tissue norm for orthognathic surgery for North Indian subjects.
Materials And Methods:
A total of 100 young adults which consists of 46 males and 54 females with the age range of 14-24 years with balanced facial profile and minimum arch length discrepancies were chosen for the study. Lateral cephalograms with teeth in occlusion were recorded and analyzed manually to establish the norm. The mean values of various cephalometric hard tissue variables for North Indian males and females were compared with those Caucasians. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results:
All the cephalometric parameters for orthognathic surgery except mandibular length and lower incisor inclination were comparable among North Indian males and females. The mandibular length was significantly more among North Indian males than females (P < 0.05) and the inclination of lower incisors was significantly more among North Indian females than males (P < 0.05). However, many of the cephalometric parameters for orthognathic surgery were significantly different among North Indian and Caucasian males and females.
Conclusion:
The cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery were established for North Indians and many measurements were different from those for Caucasians.
More Related Videos
05:54Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
08:03Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025