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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices
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High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

Published on: September 2, 2009

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Paper pump for passive and programmable transport.

Xiao Wang1, Joshua A Hagen2, Ian Papautsky1

  • 1BioMicroSystems Laboratory, School of Electronic and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA.

Biomicrofluidics
|January 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a low-cost paper pump for microfluidic systems, utilizing capillary action for steady fluid flow without external power. This passive pumping method is ideal for portable point-of-care diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microfluidic systems often require pumps for fluid manipulation.
  • Existing pumps can be bulky, power-dependent, and costly, limiting microfluidic device portability.
  • A need exists for simple, low-cost, and power-independent pumping solutions for microfluidics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel passive pumping method for microfluidic systems using capillary action of paper.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of paper pumps for driving fluid through conventional polymer-based microfluidic channels.
  • To explore the potential of paper pumps for point-of-care applications.

Main Methods:

  • A passive pumping mechanism was designed utilizing the capillary action of shaped paper placed at the outlet of microfluidic channels.
  • A theoretical model was developed to understand and predict the pumping mechanism and flow rates.
  • Experiments were conducted to measure flow rates and demonstrate fluid transport capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Paper pumps provide steady flow rates ranging from 0.3 to 1.7 μl/s.
  • The paper pump system is scalable and can be cascaded for programmable flow-rate tuning.
  • Successful demonstration of biofluid transport (urine, serum, blood) using the paper pump.

Conclusions:

  • Paper pumps offer a simple, ultra-low-cost, and power-independent fluid-driving solution for microfluidic systems.
  • This technology has significant potential for advancing portable point-of-care diagnostic devices.
  • The developed theoretical model aids in the design and optimization of paper-based microfluidic pumps.