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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
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Long segment spinal epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Kanwaljeet Garg1, Pankaj Kumar Singh1, Manmohan Singh1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Surgical Neurology International
|January 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Spinal epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis, a rare complication of thalassemia intermedia, can cause myelopathy. This case highlights the importance of considering red marrow formation in the spinal canal for patients with chronic hemolytic anemia presenting with neurological deficits.

Keywords:
Extramedullary hematopoiesisepiduralthalassemia

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is blood cell formation outside the bone marrow, common in chronic hemolytic anemias.
  • Typically affects the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; spinal epidural involvement is rare.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old male with thalassemia intermedia presented with progressive lower extremity weakness and sensory loss.
  • Physical exam revealed splenomegaly, spinal tenderness, and neurological signs of myelopathy.

Findings:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a posterior epidural mass from D2 to D12.
  • The mass was consistent with spinal epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis (red marrow).

Implications:

  • Spinal EMH should be considered in patients with thalassemia intermedia and myelopathy.
  • Early diagnosis and management of spinal EMH can prevent irreversible neurological damage.