Saliva: a fluid of study for OMICS
Betzaida Cuevas-Córdoba1, Juan Santiago-García
11 Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana . Veracruz, México.
Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology
|January 11, 2014
Summary
Saliva analysis using omics technologies reveals diverse biomolecules for disease detection. This review explores saliva
Area of Science:
- Biomolecular analysis
- Oral diagnostics
- Omics technologies
Background:
- Saliva is an easily accessible biofluid with known oral functions.
- Advances in omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics) have identified numerous salivary biomolecules.
- These biomolecules offer insights into oral and systemic health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review salivary biomolecules identified through omics research.
- To explore the utility of these biomolecules as biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
- To discuss the potential for developing point-of-care diagnostic devices using saliva.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of omics studies on salivary components.
- Integration of data on DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and microorganisms in saliva.
- Analysis of biomarker potential for infectious and noninfectious diseases.
Main Results:
- Saliva contains a wide array of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, microorganisms).
- These components can originate from various organs and systems.
- Salivary biomolecules show promise as diagnostic markers for diverse diseases.
Conclusions:
- Saliva holds significant potential as a diagnostic fluid for both oral and systemic conditions.
- Omics-driven salivary analysis can aid in disease diagnosis and monitoring.
- Further research is needed to overcome challenges and establish saliva-based diagnostics.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Salivary Glands and Saliva
3.1K
The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
3.1K
01:23Membrane Fluidity
150.1K
Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
150.1K
01:27The Oral Microbiota
90
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
90
00:47Osmosis
158.3K
Approximately 60% to 95% of the weight of living organisms is attributed to water. Therefore, maintaining appropriate water balance within cells is of paramount importance. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell’s plasma membrane. In living organisms, water plays a crucial role as a solvent—a molecule that dissolves other molecules.
158.3K
01:34The Fluid Mosaic Model
157.4K
The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
157.4K
02:02Genomics
35.5K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
35.5K