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Updated: May 4, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Cheng-Chia Lee1, Hideyuki Kano, Huai-Che Yang
1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia;
Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) offers effective long-term tumor control for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs), with an 85% success rate at 10 years. This treatment is a safe alternative for elderly patients or those with comorbidities.
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