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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

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Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Intralobar pulmonary sequestration complicating with cryptococcal infection.

Chao Guan1, Hui Chen, Changzhou Shao

  • 1Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

The Clinical Respiratory Journal
|January 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary sequestration, a rare lung malformation, can complicate with fungal infections like cryptococcosis. This case highlights the importance of considering this rare cause in persistent pulmonary cryptococcal infections.

Keywords:
cryptococcosisendophthalmitislobectomypulmonary sequestration

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Congenital Malformations

Background:

  • Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lung malformation involving aberrant systemic arterial supply.
  • It commonly presents with recurrent infections, but fungal infections are exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A 20-year-old immunocompetent male presented with ocular and pulmonary symptoms suggestive of cryptococcosis.
  • Initial treatment with antibiotics and steroids was ineffective, necessitating further investigation.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis confirmed cryptococcal infection in both the lung and eye.
  • Surgical resection revealed underlying pulmonary sequestration, a previously unreported association.
  • Literature review found no prior reports of pulmonary sequestration complicating cryptococcal infection.

Implications:

  • Pulmonary sequestration should be considered as a potential underlying cause in cryptococcal lung infections, especially in recurrent or treatment-resistant cases.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management, potentially including surgical intervention, are crucial for favorable outcomes.