Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

What are we treating? The need for broader provider understanding of POTS, its nature, and care.

The American journal of medicine·2026

Same author

Indications, contraindications, and step-by-step methodology for performing carotid sinus massage in patients presenting with syncope : A scientific statement of an Ad Hoc Syncope Consortium endorsed by: the European Autonomic Society (EFAS), Gruppo Italiano Multidisciplinare Syncope (GIMSI) and European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS).

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society·2026

Same author

Anatomic localization of trigger sites initiating stretch-induced hypotension in humans.

Heart rhythm·2026

Same author

Stretch-induced syncope: An examination of a rarely recognized condition.

Trends in cardiovascular medicine·2026

Same author

Ventricular tachycardia exit site location within myocardial reinnervation zones predicts hemodynamic stability in ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing·2026

Same author

Association of Autonomic Dysfunction With Long COVID: Evaluation Using Quantitative Autonomic Testing.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2025

Same journal

Total Care Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation Practice: Lifestyle Intervention and Risk Factor Management.

Journal of cardiology·2026

Same journal

Sex differences in the association of lipoprotein(a) with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals.

Journal of cardiology·2026

Same journal

Response to letter to the editor.

Journal of cardiology·2026

Same journal

Five-year outcomes of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A population-based retrospective study.

Journal of cardiology·2026

Same journal

Transitional Care for Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Patients in Japan: A Nationwide Survey of Current Practices and Challenges.

Journal of cardiology·2026

Same journal

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with low-flow aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Journal of cardiology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

Syncope: classification and risk stratification.

Venkata Krishna Puppala¹, Oana Dickinson¹, David G Benditt¹

¹The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Journal of Cardiology

|January 11, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Syncope management is challenging due to varied causes. Risk-stratification guidelines help identify high-risk patients for hospitalization, avoiding unnecessary care for low-risk individuals.

Keywords:

Risk stratification Syncope Syncope clinic Transient loss of consciousness

More Related Videos

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Published on: April 18, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance

Published on: March 21, 2013

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Published on: April 18, 2025

Area of Science:

Medical Science
Clinical Medicine
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Syncope is a frequent reason for emergency and urgent care visits, posing diagnostic challenges for providers.
Causes range from benign to life-threatening, necessitating accurate risk assessment for appropriate management.
Balancing prompt hospitalization for high-risk patients with avoiding unnecessary admissions for low-risk individuals is crucial for effective and cost-efficient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and summarize findings from various risk-stratification studies for syncope patients.
To highlight key differences and provide guidance on optimal decision-making processes.
To emphasize the importance of clinical assessment and selective testing in managing syncope.

Main Methods:

Review of existing risk-stratification studies for syncope.
Analysis of short- and long-term adverse event risks in syncope patients.
Comparison of different risk-assessment schemes and their clinical utility.

Main Results:

Historically, syncope patients have faced high admission rates (30-50%).
Numerous studies have focused on developing risk-stratification guidelines to aid clinical decisions.
A definitive consensus on the optimal decision-making process for syncope management is still lacking.

Conclusions:

Existing risk-stratification methods offer valuable guidance but do not replace physician judgment.
Careful initial clinical assessment is essential for all syncope patients.
Selective testing and awareness of short- and long-term risks are critical for effective syncope management.