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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Dementia in intellectual disability.

Rory Sheehan1, Afia Ali, Angela Hassiotis

  • 1aMental Health Sciences Unit, University College London bCamden Learning Disabilities Service, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Psychiatry
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dementia is a growing concern in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). More research is needed to develop effective treatments and optimal care environments for dementia in ID.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine
  • Neuroscience and Neurology
  • Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Background:

  • Dementia is increasingly recognized as a significant health issue within the population with intellectual disability (ID).
  • Existing research covers epidemiology, assessment, diagnosis, and management of dementia in ID.
  • There is a notable gap in evidence regarding effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for dementia in individuals with ID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with an updated overview of dementia in intellectual disability, synthesizing existing knowledge and recent research findings.
  • To emphasize clinical research, focusing on practical applications rather than laboratory or molecular studies.
  • To highlight areas requiring further investigation for improved patient care and treatment development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on dementia in intellectual disability.
  • Focus on clinical research, including epidemiological studies, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies.
  • Analysis of recent research trends, particularly concerning dementia in Down syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Research has broadly addressed dementia in intellectual disability, covering its prevalence, identification, and care.
  • A significant lack of evidence-based treatments, both medicinal and behavioral, for dementia in this population persists.
  • Recent studies show a concentration on dementia within the Down syndrome community.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is crucial to translate advancements in understanding the neuropathology of intellectual disability and dementia into tangible treatments.
  • There is an unmet need to explore and define optimal environmental settings for providing comprehensive, holistic care to affected individuals.
  • Bridging the gap between neuropathological understanding and clinical intervention is essential for improving outcomes.