Gingivobuccal mucosal cancers: resection to reconstruction

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Oncology
• Head and Neck Cancer Research

Background:

• Oral cancer is a significant global health issue, with high incidence in Southeast Asia.
• Gingivobuccal complex cancers are common, often linked to smokeless tobacco and areca nut use.
• Existing literature primarily focuses on Western populations, leading to ambiguity in understanding tumor behavior across continents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and enhance understanding of gingivobuccal complex cancers.
• To clarify tumor behavior, treatment strategies, and outcomes for this specific oral cancer subsite.
• To address the need for region-specific insights beyond Western-dominated literature.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on gingivobuccal mucosal cancers.
• Analysis of clinical presentation, surgical management, and prognostic factors.
• Synthesis of findings to inform treatment planning and patient care.

Main Results:

• Gingivobuccal mucosal cancers typically present as large lesions with early mandibular and cervical lymph node metastasis (Level I nodes often affected first).
• Surgical resection frequently involves the mandible (en bloc, marginal, or segmental), guided by soft tissue involvement.
• Key prognostic indicators include tumor depth (>4 mm), skin invasion, nodal metastasis, and extranodal extension.

Conclusions:

• Mandibular and neck node involvement must be prioritized in treatment planning for gingivobuccal cancers.
• Effective reconstruction techniques are vital for facilitating early recovery and ensuring a good quality of life post-treatment.