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Dextrans.

Developments in Biological Standardization

|January 1, 1987

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dextrans, used since 1947 for plasma expansion and other uses, are complex polysaccharides. Refinement yields specific molecular weights like Dextran 40 and Dextran 70, but allergic responses remain a clinical concern.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Pharmacology

Background:

Dextrans, utilized clinically since 1947, are derived from bacterial conversion of sucrose.
Raw dextran is a heterogeneous mixture requiring refinement through hydrolysis and fractionation for clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the categorization of dextrans based on their properties.
To review the clinical applications of dextrans, including plasma expansion, antithrombogenesis, and hemodilution.
To address the persistent issue of allergic responses to dextrans.

Main Methods:

Production of raw dextran via bacterial conversion of sucrose.
Refinement of raw dextran through hydrolysis and fractionation.
Analysis of molecular weight distribution and categorization.

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Main Results:

Clinically relevant dextrans constitute a small fraction (1%) of raw dextran.
Dextran 40 and Dextran 70, with molecular weights of 40,000 and 70,000, are commonly used.
Average molecular weight is an inadequate descriptor for dextran characterization.

Conclusions:

Dextran categorization requires more than average molecular weight.
Despite efforts to mitigate antigenicity, significant allergic responses to dextran persist, posing a clinical challenge.