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Methamphetamine reversed maternal separation-induced decrease in nerve growth factor in the ventral hippocampus.

J J Dimatelis1, V A Russell, D J Stein

  • 1Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925, jacqueline.dimatelis@uct.ac.za.

Metabolic Brain Disease
|January 11, 2014
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Summary
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Early life stress and adolescent methamphetamine exposure reduce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Maternal separation also decreases nerve growth factor (NGF), which methamphetamine partially restores.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Early life stress, such as maternal separation (MS), is linked to increased susceptibility to drug abuse.
  • Stress and drug exposure, including methamphetamine, can alter neurotrophic factor levels in the brain.
  • Neurotrophin changes may underlie stress- and drug-induced behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of maternal separation (MS) and adolescent methamphetamine administration on neurotrophins.
  • To examine the combined impact of MS and methamphetamine on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF).
  • To assess these effects in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus (HC) in adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Adolescent rats were exposed to maternal separation (MS), methamphetamine (1 mg/kg/day), or both.
  • BDNF and NGF levels were measured in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus (HC) in adulthood.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare treatment groups.

Main Results:

  • Both MS and methamphetamine, individually or combined, decreased BDNF levels in the dorsal and ventral HC.
  • MS reduced NGF in the ventral HC, an effect reversed by adolescent methamphetamine exposure.
  • NGF levels in the dorsal HC were not significantly altered by MS or methamphetamine.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent methamphetamine exposure and early life stress (MS) significantly impact neurotrophin levels in the hippocampus.
  • The observed changes in BDNF and NGF may contribute to altered stress and drug-seeking behaviors.
  • NGF restoration in the ventral HC following MS and methamphetamine suggests a potential compensatory mechanism.