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Oxidative stress and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Jose Bagan1, Guillermo Saez, Carmen Tormos

  • 1Oral Medicine Department, Service of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital, University of Valencia, Avda/Tres Cruces s/n, 46014, Valencia, Spain, bagan@uv.es.

Clinical Oral Investigations
|January 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is linked to increased oxidative stress. Active ulceration exacerbates this condition, indicated by higher malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels and lower reduced glutathione (GSH).

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Area of Science:

  • Oral medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral condition characterized by recurring ulcerations.
  • The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of RAS remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the oxidative stress status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).
  • To compare oxidative stress markers in RAS patients with and without active ulceration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral mononuclear cells from 28 RAS patients and 29 controls.
  • Measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels.
  • Comparison of marker levels during active ulceration versus periods without lesions in nine RAS patients.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher MDA and GSSG levels, and lower GSH levels were observed in RAS patients compared to controls (p < 0.01).
  • Active ulceration in RAS patients was associated with further increases in MDA and GSSG and decreases in GSH (p < 0.05).
  • A trend towards higher MDA and GSSG was noted in major RAS compared to minor RAS.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative stress is a significant factor in recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
  • The presence of active ulceration intensifies oxidative stress in RAS patients.