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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unlocking Insights into the Immune Cell Landscape of Tumors
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Tumor immunology: multidisciplinary science driving basic and clinical advances.

Bridget P Keenan, Elizabeth M Jaffee, Todd D Armstrong

    Cancer Immunology Research
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    Advances in tumor immunology and immunotherapy were discussed, highlighting the need for combined immune checkpoint inhibition and specific T-cell phenotypes for effective cancer treatments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • The fourth AACR Special Conference focused on Tumor Immunology: Basic and Clinical Advances.
    • The meeting aimed to explore emerging concepts in cancer immunology and immunotherapy.

    Framework:

    • Discussion centered on key findings regarding T-cell therapy and immunotherapy targets.
    • Identified strategies for enhancing T-cell efficacy and targeting tumor microenvironments.

    Implementation:

    • Inhibiting multiple immune checkpoints is crucial for effective T-cell therapy.
    • Achieving the correct T-cell phenotype is essential for successful adoptive T-cell therapy.
    • Chimeric antigen receptors demonstrate potential in treating B-cell malignancies.

    Implications:

    • Targeting multiple inflammation pathways within the tumor microenvironment offers new immunotherapy strategies.
    • These advances pave the way for improved cancer treatment modalities.