Mesenchymal stem cells: roles and relationships in vascularization

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Clinical translation of tissue engineering is hindered by inadequate vascularization of engineered tissues.
• Vascularization is essential for the survival and function of in vitro expanded and differentiated tissues.
• Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess multipotent differentiation capabilities and therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the intricate relationships between MSCs and vascularization processes.
• To review the roles of MSCs in promoting vascular network formation within tissue constructs.
• To discuss current applications and future challenges of utilizing MSCs in vascularized tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on studies investigating MSCs and vascularization.
• Analysis of direct and indirect mechanisms by which MSCs influence vascular development.
• Synthesis of information on MSC interactions with other cell types relevant to angiogenesis.

Main Results:

• MSCs actively participate in vascularization through differentiation, paracrine signaling, and immunomodulation.
• Evidence supports MSCs' ability to promote the formation of functional blood vessels in engineered tissues.
• The interplay between MSCs, endothelial cells, and other stromal cells is critical for successful vascularization.

Conclusions:

• MSCs are key players in overcoming vascularization challenges in tissue engineering.
• Harnessing MSC-mediated vascularization strategies is vital for advancing regenerative medicine.
• Further research is needed to optimize MSC-based approaches for clinical vascularization applications.