Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

90
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
90
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

2.0K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
2.0K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

48.9K
Overview
48.9K
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

219
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
219
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

191
Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
191
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

6.2K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
6.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ab Initio Raman Spectra of β-Lactamase Inhibitor Intermediates Bound to E166A SHV β-Lactamase.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2015
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

11.6K

β-lactams against emerging 'superbugs': progress and pitfalls.

Marion Skalweit Helfand1

  • 1Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. marion.helfand@case.edu.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance is rising, with dangerous superbugs like MRSA and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae challenging treatments. This review examines resistance mechanisms and new beta-lactam drugs designed to combat these evolving threats.

More Related Videos

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

9.8K
Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
12:03

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

29.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

11.6K
Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

9.8K
Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
12:03

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

29.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is a growing global health crisis.
  • Multidrug-resistant 'superbugs' like Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly prevalent in healthcare settings.
  • Gram-positive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) also pose significant threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in key bacterial pathogens.
  • To discuss the challenges posed by multidrug-resistant bacteria to existing therapies.
  • To examine novel beta-lactam agents developed to overcome emerging resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on bacterial resistance mechanisms.
  • Analysis of resistance determinants including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, and efflux pumps.
  • Survey of investigational and clinically used beta-lactam antibiotics targeting resistant bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Superbugs exhibit diverse resistance mechanisms, including enzymatic inactivation, target modification, and reduced drug penetration.
  • Existing beta-lactam antibiotics face significant challenges due to widespread resistance.
  • Newer beta-lactam agents demonstrate potential efficacy against resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the rise of superbugs requires a multifaceted approach, including the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for guiding the clinical use of existing and new beta-lactam drugs.
  • Continued research and development of effective treatments are essential to combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance.