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Why do spatial abilities predict mathematical performance?

Maria Grazia Tosto1, Ken B Hanscombe, Claire M A Haworth

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of York, UK; Laboratory for Cognitive Investigations and Behavioural Genetics, Tomsk State University, Russia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors significantly influence spatial and mathematical abilities in 12-year-olds. While genetics play a role in their connection, environmental influences are key to understanding this relationship for educational interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics

Background:

  • Spatial ability is a strong predictor of mathematics performance and STEM expertise.
  • Shared neural networks link spatial skills and mathematical cognition.
  • Understanding this link can improve educational strategies for math underperformance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to spatial ability.
  • To examine the genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between spatial and mathematical abilities.
  • To identify potential environmental mediators in the spatial-mathematics connection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 4174 pairs of 12-year-old twins.
  • Assessed two aspects of spatial ability and three domains of mathematical ability.
  • Employed quantitative genetic modeling to analyze variance and covariance.

Main Results:

  • Environmental factors accounted for the majority of variation in spatial (~70%) and mathematical (~60%) abilities.
  • Genetic factors explained approximately 60% of the association between spatial and mathematical abilities.
  • Shared environmental influences significantly contributed to the spatial-mathematics relationship (26% shared, 14% non-shared).

Conclusions:

  • Environmental influences are paramount in spatial and mathematical development at age 12.
  • Both genetic and environmental factors shape the relationship between spatial and mathematical skills.
  • Further research is needed to pinpoint specific environmental factors mediating the spatial-mathematics link.