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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Dry Friction01:30

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Examining the Dynamics of Cellular Adhesion and Spreading of Epithelial Cells on Fibronectin During Oxidative Stress
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Border forces and friction control epithelial closure dynamics.

Olivier Cochet-Escartin1, Jonas Ranft1, Pascal Silberzan1

  • 1Physico-Chimie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.

Biophysical Journal
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models epithelial wound closure, revealing cell protrusion forces drive healing. The findings offer a new way to analyze cell migration and identify metastatic transformations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Wound Healing Research

Background:

  • Epithelial wound closure is crucial for tissue repair.
  • Collective cell migration drives epithelization.
  • Understanding the physical forces governing this process is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the closure dynamics of epithelial monolayers after constraint removal.
  • To investigate the role of border forces, friction, and rheology in epithelization.
  • To develop a quantitative method for characterizing cell phenotypes, including oncogenic mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of circular aperture closure in epithelial monolayers.
  • Development of a physical model incorporating border forces, substrate friction, and tissue rheology.
  • Quantification of closure dynamics using an epithelization coefficient.

Main Results:

  • Border protrusive activity is the primary driver of epithelization, overcoming actomyosin cable contraction.
  • An epithelization coefficient (protrusive stress/friction) effectively classifies different cell behaviors.
  • Distinct signatures were observed for human cells with the RasV12 oncogenic mutation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed physical model accurately describes epithelial closure dynamics.
  • The epithelization coefficient provides a quantitative tool for phenotype classification.
  • This approach has potential for characterizing metastatic transformations in cancer research.