Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026
11:09
RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans
Published on: July 17, 2021
2.5K
A comparison of pedestal effects in first- and second-order patterns
Pi-Chun Huang1, Chien-Chung Chen
1Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Journal of Vision
|January 14, 2014
Summary
Human vision processes luminance (first-order) and contrast (second-order) patterns differently. Divisive inhibition explains visual discrimination for both, but with distinct nonlinearities depending on the pattern carrier.
Area of Science:
- Visual neuroscience
- Perceptual psychology
Background:
- The human visual system distinguishes between luminance (first-order) and contrast (second-order) modulations.
- Linear-nonlinear-linear models are often used for second-order pattern processing.
Purpose of the Study:
- Compare first-order and second-order visual mechanisms.
- Characterize the nonlinear properties of visual processing for these patterns.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a pattern-masking paradigm with first-order (additive) and second-order (multiplicative) stimuli.
- Employed gratings and random dot patterns as carriers.
- Measured incremental discrimination thresholds using matched pedestals.
Main Results:
- Both first- and second-order stimuli exhibited a dipper-shaped threshold function.
- A divisive inhibition model explained first-order stimuli and second-order stimuli with grating carriers.
- A modified divisive inhibition model, operating on modulation depth, explained second-order stimuli with random-dot carriers.
Conclusions:
- Divisive inhibition is crucial for visual discrimination of both first- and second-order patterns.
- The source and nonlinearity of divisive inhibition may differ between first- and second-order pattern processing and carrier types.
Keywords:
TvC functioncontrast-modulateddivisive inhibitionfirst-orderluminance-modulatedpattern maskingsecond-orderMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
03:26Framing Effects
7.8K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.8K
01:09First Impression
425
First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
425
01:17Second-Order Circuits
4.5K
Integrating two fundamental energy storage elements in electrical circuits results in second-order circuits, encompassing RLC circuits and circuits with dual capacitors or inductors (RC and RL circuits). Second-order circuits are identified by second-order differential equations that link input and output signals.
Input signals typically originate from voltage or current sources, with the output often representing voltage across the capacitor and/or current through the inductor. For example, in...
Input signals typically originate from voltage or current sources, with the output often representing voltage across the capacitor and/or current through the inductor. For example, in...
4.5K
01:03Serial Position Effect
739
The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
739
01:18Second Order systems II
557
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
557
01:02¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals
1.3K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.3K