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Size and shape variability in human molars during odontogenesis.

W Morita1, W Yano, T Nagaoka

  • 1Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

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|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The patterning cascade model predicts later-formed cusps are more variable. This study found size variability in human molars aligns with this, but shape variability does not fully support the model.

Keywords:
anatomic variationdental anatomymorphogenesismorphologyodontometrytooth crown

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Paleontology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • The patterning cascade model (PCM) proposes variability in cusp development based on formation timing.
  • Understanding cusp variability aids in reconstructing evolutionary and developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the PCM's predictions regarding cusp size and shape variability in human molars.
  • To investigate if variability differences among cusps align with their developmental timing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized micro-computed tomography (µCT) scanning of human maxillary permanent first molars (UM1) and deciduous second molars (um2).
  • Reconstructed 3D models of the enamel-dentin junction (EDJ) and outer enamel surface (OES).
  • Performed landmark-based 3D geometric morphometric analyses to assess size and shape variability.

Main Results:

  • Size variability generally supported the PCM, with later-formed cusps showing less variation, especially in later developmental stages.
  • Shape variability did not consistently support the PCM, with UM1 and um2 exhibiting different patterns.
  • Differences in size variation were smaller for crown components formed later in odontogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal factors, like cusp initiation order and mineralization duration, influence molar size variability.
  • Both topographic and temporal factors likely affect molar shape variability.
  • The PCM partially explains size variability but requires refinement to account for shape variability patterns in human molars.