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Granulomatous hepatitis as a rare complication of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination

Maryam Shoaran1, Mehri Najafi, Rozita Jalilian

  • 1Dr. Maryam Shoaran, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology,, Pediatric Health Research Center,, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,, Children Hospital, Sheshgelan Street,, Tabriz, Iran, T: 00984115262250, maryamshoaran@yahoo.com.

Annals of Saudi Medicine
|January 14, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination can cause rare complications like granulomatous hepatitis. Early diagnosis and treatment in infants are crucial for recovery and preventing further issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is a common preventative measure against tuberculosis.
  • While generally safe, BCG can lead to rare disseminated complications.
  • Hepatosplenomegaly and diarrhea are presenting symptoms in infants with potential BCG complications.

Observation:

  • A 2-month-old infant presented with hepatosplenomegaly and diarrhea.
  • Liver biopsy revealed multiple granulomas with epithelioid histiocytes in portal and lobular areas.
  • This histological pattern suggested granulomatous hepatitis.

Findings:

  • The infant was diagnosed with granulomatous hepatitis, a rare complication of BCG vaccination.
  • Treatment with isoniazid, rifampine, and ethambutol was initiated.
  • An 8-month follow-up showed normalized liver function tests and reduced hepatosplenomegaly.

Implications:

  • Epithelioid cell granulomas in the liver can signify disseminated BCG infection.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate anti-tuberculosis therapy are essential.
  • Timely intervention can prevent severe outcomes and long-term sequelae in affected infants.

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