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Related Concept Videos

What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Data collection is a systematic method of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. An experimental study is a standard method of data collection that involves the manipulation of the samples by applying some form of treatment prior to data collection. It refers to manipulating one variable to determine its changes on another variable. The sample subjected to treatment is known as “experimental units.”
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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Experimental Designs

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An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
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Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
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Experiments.

W A Arnold1

  • 1Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.

Photosynthesis Research
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article traces a scientific journey from physical sciences to biology, highlighting experimental work on photosynthesis. Discoveries in chlorophyll, energy transfer, and luminescence stemmed from following scientific curiosity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Photosynthesis Research

Background:

  • Early interest in physical sciences.
  • Transition to biology influenced by Robert Emerson.
  • Personal narrative of a scientific career.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a biographical account of a scientific career.
  • To detail experimental investigations in photosynthesis.
  • To reflect on the nature of scientific discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements and analyses.
  • Investigation of 'chlorophyll unit'.
  • Studies on energy transfer, delayed light emission, thermoluminescence, and electroluminescence in photosynthetic organisms.

Main Results:

  • New measurements and analyses related to photosynthesis.
  • Insights into excitation energy transfer.
  • Characterization of light emission phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Scientific discoveries arise from pursuing curiosity.
  • The importance of experimental work in advancing biological understanding.