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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

37.5K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
858
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
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Maximising a function of the selection differential.

J W James1

  • 1School of Wool and Pastoral Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing selection response in animal breeding can be achieved without knowing the trait distribution. Maximum response occurs when individuals above the mean are retained, with specific fractions for nucleus size and optimum trait values.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative genetics
  • Animal breeding
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Optimizing selection response is crucial for genetic improvement in livestock and other populations.
  • Traditional methods often rely on assumptions about the distribution of the trait of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present methods for optimizing selection response without assuming a specific distribution for the trait.
  • To provide guidelines for maximizing selection response under different breeding schemes.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical derivations for selection response optimization.
  • Analysis of selection strategies including fixed numbers and nucleus breeding.

Main Results:

  • Maximum selection response is achieved by retaining all individuals above the population mean.
  • Optimal nucleus size is the square root of the sires: dams ratio for single-stage selection.
  • For traits with an optimum, the population mean should be set to achieve a B/(A + B) fraction above the optimum.

Conclusions:

  • Selection response optimization is feasible without distributional assumptions.
  • The findings offer practical strategies for enhancing genetic gain in breeding programs.