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Cytoplasmic effects on quantitative characters in maize (Zea mays L.).

A S Khehra1, S K Bhalla

  • 1Department of Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.

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|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Reciprocal crosses in maize reveal significant cytoplasmic effects on plant and ear height, and days to silk. These findings suggest specific cytoplasm can be utilized to develop early maturing maize varieties.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Agronomy
  • Maize breeding

Background:

  • Understanding cytoplasmic effects is crucial for maize breeding.
  • Reciprocal cross analysis helps elucidate maternal inheritance patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate reciprocal cross effects in diverse maize varieties.
  • To determine the influence of genotype-cytoplasm interactions on key agronomic traits.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiments with ten maize varieties and all crosses (including reciprocals).
  • Split-split plot design across two locations with varying plant populations.
  • Analysis of variance for traits like plant height, ear height, ear girth, and days to silk.

Main Results:

  • Significant reciprocal cross effects observed for plant height, ear height, and ear girth, consistent across locations and plant densities.
  • Highly significant reciprocal effects noted for days to silk.
  • Cytoplasmic effects were dependent on genotype-cytoplasm interactions and more pronounced in early × late crosses.
  • Early female parents reduced plant height, ear height, and days to silk.

Conclusions:

  • Cytoplasmic effects on plant and ear height, and days to silk, have practical implications for maize breeding.
  • Specific cytoplasm can be leveraged to develop early maturing maize varieties without compromising yield.
  • The observed cytoplasmic effects on days to silk persist in subsequent generations (F2 and backcrosses).