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Related Concept Videos

Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

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Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Plasmids01:28

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Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
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Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
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Microbial cooperation involves beneficial interactions in which different species work together for individual or mutual advantage. These interactions can profoundly influence ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and they are essential to many pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.Nematode–Bacteria CooperationA striking example is the relationship between the Gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Juvenile nematodes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti
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Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

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Rhizobium plasmids in bacteria-legume interactions.

A García-de Los Santos1, S Brom, D Romero

  • 1, .

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the functions of non-symbiotic plasmids in Rhizobium, revealing their crucial roles in bacterial survival and symbiosis. These plasmids, alongside the chromosome, form an integrated genomic system essential for Rhizobium

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Plant-Bacterial Interactions

Background:

  • Research on Rhizobium plasmids has primarily focused on the symbiotic plasmid (pSym).
  • Other 'cryptic' replicons on plasmids also contain genetic information vital for both symbiotic and saprophytic life cycles.
  • These non-pSym plasmids encode diverse functions beyond symbiosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize information on functional features encoded by Rhizobium plasmids other than the pSym.
  • To discuss factors influencing plasmid evolution, including conjugative transfer and genomic rearrangements.
  • To propose an integrated genomic model for Rhizobium.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of functional features encoded on non-pSym plasmids.

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  • Discussion of evolutionary factors affecting plasmid structure and function.

    • Main Results:

    • Non-pSym plasmids contribute to cell surface polysaccharide biosynthesis.
    • They are involved in metabolic processes, including the utilization of plant exudates, aromatic compounds, and sugars.
    • These plasmids encode features that enhance symbiotic performance.
    • Factors like conjugative transfer and genomic rearrangements influence plasmid evolution.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasmids, in conjunction with the chromosome, form a fully integrated genomic complex in Rhizobium.
    • This integrated system encompasses structural features and both saprophytic and symbiotic functions.
    • Understanding non-pSym plasmids is crucial for a comprehensive view of Rhizobium biology and symbiosis.