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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Human Internal Mammary Artery IMA Transplantation and Stenting: A Human Model to Study the Development of In-Stent Restenosis
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Human Internal Mammary Artery IMA Transplantation and Stenting: A Human Model to Study the Development of In-Stent Restenosis

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Internal mammary artery.

Antonio M Calafiore1, Luca Weltert, Michele Di Mauro

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, S Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C.so Dogliotti 16, 10126 Turin, Italy.

Multimedia Manual of Cardiothoracic Surgery : MMCTS
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The internal mammary artery (IMA) offers superior long-term results compared to saphenous vein grafts (SVG). Bilateral IMA use in patients under 75 improves cardiac event-free survival, even for diabetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Vascular Grafting
  • Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background:

  • The internal mammary artery (IMA) has evolved as a preferred graft in coronary artery bypass surgery since the 1980s.
  • Its superiority over the saphenous vein graft (SVG) is well-established through extensive clinical and angiographic data.
  • The exploration of bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafting aims to further enhance long-term patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of IMA grafts compared to SVG.
  • To assess the benefits of using BIMA versus single IMA grafts, particularly in specific patient demographics.
  • To analyze the impact of BIMA grafting on freedom from cardiac-related events.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patient data comparing IMA and SVG outcomes.
  • Assessment of graft patency and clinical events over 15 years for IMA vs. SVG.
  • Comparative analysis of 10-year cardiac-related event-free survival rates between single IMA and BIMA grafts in patients under 75, including diabetic individuals.

Main Results:

  • Internal mammary artery grafts demonstrated significantly better 15-year clinical results than saphenous vein grafts.
  • Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting in patients younger than 75 years yielded higher 10-year freedom from cardiac-related events compared to single IMA grafts.
  • This benefit was observed even in diabetic patients receiving BIMA grafts.

Conclusions:

  • The internal mammary artery remains a superior choice for coronary artery bypass grafting, offering improved long-term clinical outcomes over saphenous vein grafts.
  • Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting is a valuable strategy for enhancing long-term outcomes and reducing cardiac events in select patient populations, including younger diabetics.
  • Continued utilization and investigation of BIMA grafting techniques are warranted to optimize patient care in cardiovascular surgery.