Removal of caffeine in sewage by Pseudomonas putida: Implications for water pollution index

A strain of Pseudomonas putida (biotype A) capable of growing on caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) was isolated from a domestic wastewater processing operation. It used caffeine as the sole carbon source with a mean growth rate constant (k) of 0.049 h(-1) (approximately 20 h per generation), whereas k for glucose utilization under similar incubation conditions was 0.31 (3.3 h per generation). The isolate contained at least two plasmids, and the increased expression of a 40 kDa protein was attributable to growth on caffeine. Degradation byproducts of caffeine metabolism by the bacterial isolate included other xanthine derivatives. The slow bacterial catabolism of caffeine in sewage has implications for the effectiveness of wastewater purification, re-use and disposal.