Neuronal and synaptic organization of the outer plexiform layer of the pigeon retina

The organization of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the pigeon retina is described by electron microscopy and Golgi impregnation. Six types of photoreceptor, four types of horizontal cell, eight types of bipolar cell, and an interplexiform cell type were found by Golgi impregnation. The OPL was tri-stratified due to the endings of the photoreceptors at three different levels. This stratification was reflected in the laminar arrangement of the dendrites of the horizontal and bipolar cells. Electron microscopy showed that the synaptic endings of the photoreceptors made ribbon synapses, both triads and dyads, and basal junctions with the process of second-order neurons. Horizontal cells formed conventional chemical synapses, while horizontal cell axon terminals were extensively linked by gap junctions.