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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Related Experiment Video

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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Ilse I G M van de Vondervoort1, Peter M Gordebeke2, Nima Khoshab3

  • 1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, RadboudUMC Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|January 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for brain development and function. Understanding their role in neurodevelopmental disorders is essential for future research and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disordersfragile X syndromegenomic imprintingintellectual disabilitylong non-coding RNAnervous system developmentschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in epigenetic regulation, development, and disease.
  • The precise mechanisms by which lncRNAs control cellular processes remain largely unknown.
  • A substantial portion of the mammalian genome is transcribed into non-coding RNA products, underscoring their potential importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recently identified mechanisms of neuronal development involving lncRNAs.
  • To explore the consequences of lncRNA deregulation in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To highlight the functional importance of brain-enriched lncRNAs in cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on lncRNAs in neurodevelopment.
  • Analysis of implicated mechanisms in neuronal development and function.
  • Examination of lncRNA deregulation in intellectual disability and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are involved in epigenetic regulation and cellular processes critical for development.
  • Specific lncRNAs have been implicated in neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Impaired lncRNA expression is linked to intellectual disability disorders.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are vital regulators of neuronal development and cognitive function.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNAs has significant consequences for neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Further research into lncRNA mechanisms is critical for understanding and treating these conditions.