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Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.

Gunnel Janeslätt1, Anders Kottorp, Mats Granlund

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Summary

This study shows that time aids significantly improve time management skills in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The intervention demonstrated a large effect on time-processing ability and a medium effect on daily time management.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Occupational Therapy

Background:

  • Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) often face challenges with daily time management.
  • Effective interventions are needed to support these children's independence and participation in daily activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a complex intervention utilizing time aids for children with IDDs experiencing difficulties in time management.
  • To assess the impact of time aids on time-processing ability and daily time management skills.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized block and waiting list control group design was employed with 37 children (aged 6-11) diagnosed with ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild/moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, or cerebral palsy.
  • Children were allocated to either an intervention group (n=22) or a control group (n=25).
  • Data analysis included 37 children after 10 participants dropped out.

Main Results:

  • Both groups showed significant improvements in time-processing ability, but the intervention group exhibited greater gains.
  • The intervention demonstrated a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.81) on time-processing ability.
  • A medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.68) was observed for managing one's time.

Conclusions:

  • Intervention using time aids shows preliminary evidence of improving time-processing ability and time management in children with IDDs.
  • Time aids should be considered as a valuable component in therapeutic interventions for this population.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore long-term effects.