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3D Human Myocardial Tissue Generation Using Melt Electrospinning Writing of Polycaprolactone Scaffolds and hiPSC-Derived Cardiac Cells
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Electrically conductive chitosan/carbon scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering.

Ana M Martins1, George Eng, Sofia G Caridade

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York 10032, United States.

Biomacromolecules
|January 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Adding carbon nanofibers to chitosan scaffolds significantly enhanced cardiac tissue construct properties. This biomaterial improves cell growth, metabolic activity, and gene expression for better cardiac repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Chitosan scaffolds are promising for tissue engineering but often lack sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • Enhancing electrical properties is crucial for cardiac tissue regeneration to mimic native myocardial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly conductive chitosan-based composite scaffold using carbon nanofibers.
  • To evaluate the impact of this composite on neonatal rat heart cell behavior and cardiac-specific gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Chitosan and chitosan/carbon nanofiber composite scaffolds were fabricated via precipitation.
  • Scaffolds were characterized for porosity, pore interconnectivity, elastic modulus, and electrical conductivity.
  • Neonatal rat heart cells were seeded onto scaffolds and cultured for 14 days without electrical stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Chitosan/carbon scaffolds exhibited homogeneous carbon nanofiber dispersion, high porosity, and interconnected pores.
  • The scaffolds demonstrated an elastic modulus similar to rat myocardium and significantly improved electrical conductivity (0.25 ± 0.09 S/m).
  • Cells cultured on chitosan/carbon scaffolds showed increased metabolic activity and enhanced expression of cardiac-specific genes compared to chitosan-only scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporating carbon nanofibers into chitosan scaffolds significantly enhances their electrical and mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering.
  • These improved properties promote better cell infiltration, metabolic activity, and expression of cardiac-specific genes.
  • Carbon nanofiber-doped chitosan scaffolds show potential for developing functional cardiac tissue constructs by facilitating electrical signal transmission.