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Updated: May 4, 2026

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

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Published on: June 3, 2016

Adiponectin as a routine clinical biomarker.

Ken Kishida¹, Tohru Funahashi², Iichiro Shimomura¹

¹Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

|January 15, 2014

Summary

Adiponectin, a protein linked to body fat, is inversely related to obesity. Low levels (hypoadiponectinemia) signal increased risk for numerous diseases, making adiponectin a key biomarker for obesity-related conditions.

Keywords:

adiponectin hypoadiponectinemia obesity-related diseases visceral fat

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Syndrome Research
Clinical Biomarker Analysis

Background:

Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted by adipocytes.
Circulating adiponectin levels paradoxically decrease with increasing body weight and visceral fat.
Low adiponectin concentrations (hypoadiponectinemia) are linked to various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical significance of adiponectin.
To highlight adiponectin's role as a biomarker for obesity-related diseases.
To emphasize the utility of routine adiponectin measurement in patients with lifestyle-related diseases.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on adiponectin and associated diseases.
Analysis of the relationship between adiponectin levels and various pathological conditions.
Synthesis of evidence on adiponectin's biomarker potential.

Main Results:

Hypoadiponectinemia (<4 μg/mL) is associated with dysmetabolism, atherosclerosis, sleep apnea, NAFLD, and several cancers.
Hyperadiponectinemia is linked to cardiac, renal, and pulmonary diseases.
Adiponectin levels show a complex, inverse relationship with obesity, particularly visceral fat.

Conclusions:

Adiponectin serves as a crucial clinical biomarker for obesity-related diseases.
Routine measurement of adiponectin is recommended for patients with lifestyle-related diseases.
Understanding adiponectin's role can aid in disease prediction and management.