Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Facial reanimation surgery with micro-vascular gracilis free flap for unilateral facial palsy
Ivan Doménech Juan1, Jordi Tornero1, Paula Cruz Toro2
1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España; Agrupació Mèdica i Quirúrgica (AMiQ), Unidad Funcional de Otorrinolaringología y Alergia, Hospital Universitario Quirón Dexeus, Barcelona, España.
Introduction And Objectives:
Micro-neurovascular free muscle flap transfer is currently the procedure of choice for long-standing facial paralysis. We present a case series of patients treated with gracilis muscle free flap with motor innervation by the masseteric nerve. We discuss the surgical technique and quantify the movement granted by the muscle, the improvement in quality of life and aesthetic results.
Materials And Methods:
We report ten patients with unilateral facial paralysis who underwent free gracilis muscle flap, between the years 2010 and 2012 in two tertiary hospitals.
Results:
It is not reported any failure of the microsuture with survival of all flaps. The muscle movement was quantified by vectors at rest and contraction with an average of 1.7 cm that initiated around the fourth month after surgery. Patients also reported a significant improvement in symmetry at rest as well as oral and ocular competition.
Conclusion:
As currently presented in literature, microvascular free flaps are the technique of choice for facial reanimation. In our experience, we believe that gracilis muscle flap innervated by the masseteric nerve is a reliable and secure technique that provides adequate functional and aesthetic results.
