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Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

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Varicella zoster encephalitis mimicking stroke.

Joaquín Valle Alonso¹, Javier Fonseca¹, Daniel López²

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Valle de los Pedroches, Pozoblanco, Córdoba, Spain.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

|January 15, 2014

Summary

Physicians should consider diverse diagnoses for suspected stroke, as overdiagnosis is common. This case highlights varicella-zoster encephalitis as a rare but critical stroke mimic.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Stroke diagnosis requires a broad differential, as up to 31% of suspected cases are overdiagnosed.
Common stroke mimics include hypoglycemia and seizures, but numerous other conditions can present similarly.

Observation:

A 41-year-old presented with aphasia and right hemiparesis, symptoms often indicative of stroke.
Initial assessment strongly suggested an acute cerebrovascular event.

Findings:

The patient was ultimately diagnosed with varicella-zoster encephalitis.
This diagnosis underscores the importance of considering infectious etiologies in stroke-like presentations.

Implications:

Varicella-zoster encephalitis is a critical, albeit rare, differential diagnosis in patients with acute neurological deficits.
Broadening the diagnostic scope can prevent misdiagnosis and ensure timely, appropriate treatment for stroke mimics.