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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Protein Crystallization for X-ray Crystallography
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Introduction to protein crystallization.

Alexander McPherson1, Jose A Gavira2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 560 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications
|January 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein crystallization, a technique for purifying biological molecules, relies on controlled supersaturation. Advances in screening kits and robotics have accelerated success in protein and nucleic acid crystallization.

Keywords:
IYCrcrystallizationproteins

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Structural Biology
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Protein crystallization, discovered ~150 years ago, is a key method for demonstrating chemical purity.
  • It involves creating a supersaturated solution of macromolecules without altering their natural state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review popular protein crystallization methods, guiding principles, and current technologies.
  • To highlight advancements in macromolecular crystallization techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Supersaturation achieved via precipitating agents (salts, polymers) and parameter manipulation (temperature, pH, ionic strength).
  • Factors influencing macromolecular structure (metal ions, inhibitors, cofactors) are also critical.
  • Common methods include vapor diffusion, dialysis, batch, and liquid-liquid diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Recent years have seen rapid progress in macromolecular crystallization.
  • Practical screening kits and laboratory robotics have significantly boosted success rates.

Conclusions:

  • Macromolecular crystallization is a vital purification and structural analysis tool.
  • Technological advancements continue to enhance the efficiency and success of protein crystallization.