An unusual association of autosomal polycystic kidney disease and multiple myeloma

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Oncology
• Genetics

Background:

• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by numerous cysts in the kidneys, often leading to renal and extrarenal complications.
• Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells that can independently cause significant renal damage through various mechanisms.
• Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a known complication of ADPKD, typically observed in older individuals.

Observation:

• A 38-year-old male patient presented with abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and bilateral pedal edema.
• Initial investigations confirmed the presence of polycystic kidney disease.
• Further diagnostic workup revealed a concurrent diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

Findings:

• The patient exhibited a rare co-diagnosis of ADPKD and MM.
• This dual condition likely exacerbated renal damage, contributing to an early onset of CRF.
• The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly, and he unfortunately passed away before MM-specific treatment could be initiated.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering multiple myeloma in ADPKD patients presenting with rapidly progressing renal dysfunction.
• The rare association of ADPKD and MM may necessitate tailored diagnostic and management strategies.
• Further research into the synergistic effects of ADPKD and MM on renal health is warranted.