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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Neuroimaging in autism--from basic science to translational research.

Christine Ecker¹, Declan Murphy¹

¹Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, PO50, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.

Nature Reviews. Neurology

|January 15, 2014

Summary

Human neuroimaging studies reveal complex brain changes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). New approaches integrating diverse data are needed to develop biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment.

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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Biomarker Research

Background:

Human neuroimaging studies have significantly advanced understanding of the neural substrates underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Existing research indicates alterations in brain structure, function, and connectivity are associated with ASD.
However, the neurobiology of ASD is complex, marked by significant heterogeneity in etiology and phenotype among individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss novel approaches in neuroimaging for characterizing neurobiological alterations in ASD.
To explore how integrating multimodal data can overcome limitations of isolated neuroimaging studies.
To outline the potential of new insights into cortical pathology for improving ASD diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of recent human neuroimaging studies focusing on cortical pathology in ASD.
Discussion of emerging methodologies for data acquisition and analysis in neuroimaging.
Exploration of strategies for integrating neuroimaging data with other disciplines.

Main Results:

Neuroimaging studies consistently suggest widespread changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity in individuals with ASD.
Current neuroimaging measures often lack the specificity required for developing reliable clinical biomarkers.
Emerging research on cortical pathology in ASD shows promise for advancing understanding.

Conclusions:

Multidisciplinary collaboration and data integration are crucial for advancing ASD neurobiology research and biomarker development.
Novel neuroimaging acquisition and analysis techniques are essential to overcome current limitations.
Insights from new studies on cortical pathology could significantly inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ASD.