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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails01:05

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Nails

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Nails are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are hard, protective structures that cover the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes. Nails are composed of specialized keratinized cells and serve various functions, including protection, sensation, and manual dexterity.
The main components of a nail include the following.
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Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Multi-Depth Porcine Model for Comprehensive Study of Burn Injuries and Healing Processes
02:49

Author Spotlight: A Multi-Depth Porcine Model for Comprehensive Study of Burn Injuries and Healing Processes

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Burns and beauty nails.

Richard E Bélanger1, Marie-Eve Marcotte2, François Bégin3

  • 1Public Health Research Unit, CHUQ Medical Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Québec; ; Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Québec, Québec;

Paediatrics & Child Health
|January 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Beauty nail adhesive containing cyanoacrylate can cause severe burns due to exothermic reactions. Keep cyanoacrylate products away from children to prevent accidental injuries.

Keywords:
BurnsChildCyanoacrylateSafety

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Accidental chemical burns in infants can occur from household products.
  • Cyanoacrylate adhesives are common in consumer products and have known exothermic properties.

Observation:

  • A five-month-old infant presented with abdominal burns after alleged contact with beauty nail adhesive.
  • The infant's clothing was exposed to cyanoacrylate-based nail adhesive.
  • Lesions were noted on the infant's abdomen, prompting hospitalization.

Findings:

  • Cyanoacrylate, a component of nail adhesive, reacts exothermically with cotton and other fabrics.
  • This exothermic reaction can lead to significant thermal burns, as observed in the case.

Implications:

  • Cyanoacrylate-based products pose a burn risk and should be stored away from children.
  • Unusual injuries in children warrant careful evaluation for potential inflicted harm.