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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

408
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

967
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
967
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

410
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
410
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

554
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
554
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

1.0K
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

679
This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Azithromycin use in paediatrics: A practical overview.

Philippe Ovetchkine, Michael J Rieder,

    Paediatrics & Child Health
    |January 15, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Azithromycin is an antibiotic for pediatric respiratory infections. However, due to resistance concerns, it is generally not recommended for common childhood infections like pharyngitis or otitis media.

    Keywords:
    AntibioticsInfectionsMacrolidesResistanceTreatment

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    A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric infectious diseases
    • Pharmacology
    • Antimicrobial resistance

    Background:

    • Azithromycin is frequently prescribed for pediatric respiratory infections.
    • Recent concerns have emerged regarding its use and the rise of resistant bacteria.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review azithromycin therapy for acute respiratory infections in healthy children.
    • To provide recommendations and identify contraindications for its use.

    Main Methods:

    • Consideration of pharmacokinetics and spectrum of activity.
    • Evaluation of bacterial resistance patterns.
    • Review of clinical aspects and practice guidelines.

    Main Results:

    • Azithromycin use is associated with increased pneumococcal resistance.
    • It is generally not recommended for acute pharyngitis, otitis media, or pneumococcal pneumonia in children.
    • Avoidance is advised in patients with a high risk of bacteremia.

    Conclusions:

    • Azithromycin's role in treating common pediatric respiratory infections is limited due to resistance.
    • Judicious use is recommended, with specific contraindications and exceptions noted.