Alpha 2-macroglobulin in the sera of patients with periodontal disease

The concentration of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) in the sera of 86 blood donors was measured by laser nephelometry. Plaque index (PII), gingival index (GI) and probing depth were recorded around all existing teeth. All measured clinical parameters correlated positively with the concentration of alpha 2-M in the sera of the examined persons, but statistically significant positive correlation was found only in with the following: average gingival index and alpha 2-M concentration in the sera of females and average probing depth and alpha 2-M concentration in the sera of all examined females and males. This study supports the hypothesis that in long-standing chronic periodontal disease, the increased levels of proteinases might trigger the synthesis of alpha 2-macroglobulin in the host. The role of alpha 2-M as a proteinase scavenger and immunosuppressive agent is discussed briefly.