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A Novel Approach to Monitoring Graft Neovascularization in the Human Gingiva

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Generalised leukaemic gingival enlargement: a case report.

Mechery Reenesh¹, Singh Munishwar¹, Saroj Kumar Rath²

¹Division of Periodontology, Armed Forces Medical College Pune India.

Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Research

|January 15, 2014

Summary

Gingival enlargement can be an early sign of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Early diagnosis through blood tests and flow cytometry, aided by dental professional awareness, is crucial for timely treatment and reduced patient morbidity.

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Oral Pathology

Background:

Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is a serious white blood cell cancer requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Early detection of AML is critical due to its high morbidity rate.

Observation:

A patient presented with inflammatory gingival enlargement, calculus, and anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis.
Routine blood work revealed a high white blood cell count (112,000/cu mm) and low hemoglobin (5.6 gm%).

Findings:

Special stains (myeloperoxidase, leukocyte nonspecific esterase) identified myeloblasts in peripheral blood, indicating acute myelocytic leukemia.
Flow cytometry confirmed AML-M4 subtype with 57.73% of cells positive for CD45, CD13, CD14, HLA-DR, and MPO markers.

Keywords:

acute myeloid leukemia flow cytometry gingival hyperplasia.

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Implications:

Gingival alterations can be the initial clinical manifestation of systemic diseases like AML.
Dental professionals play a vital role in identifying suspicious oral lesions for early diagnosis and intervention, improving patient outcomes.