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Hypercorrection of high confidence errors in lexical representations.

Nobuyoshi Iwaki1, Hiroko Matsushima2, Kazumasa Kodaira2

  • 1Faculty of Education, Iwate University, 3-18-33 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan. Iwaki@iwate-u.ac.jp

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Summary

The hypercorrection effect, where high-confidence errors are corrected more often, extends to phonological memory. This memory phenomenon may be influenced by the perceived practical value of information.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The hypercorrection effect describes how memory errors made with high confidence are more readily corrected than low-confidence errors.
  • This effect has been primarily observed in semantic and episodic memory domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence of the hypercorrection effect within phonological information of lexical representations.
  • To determine if the hypercorrection effect is generalizable to phonological processing of word reading.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a Japanese Kanji word-reading task, reading words aloud and rating their confidence.
  • Visual feedback of correct pronunciations was provided after initial responses.
  • Experiment 2 controlled for participants' ratings of the practical value of the words.

Main Results:

  • A hypercorrection effect was observed in both experiments, demonstrating its presence in phonological memory.
  • The correlation between confidence and error correction likelihood decreased when controlling for perceived practical value.

Conclusions:

  • The hypercorrection effect is not limited to semantic or episodic memory and applies to phonological representations.
  • The perceived practical value of information may partially mediate the hypercorrection effect in lexical tasks.