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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification01:27

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

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Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, respond to the autonomic neurotransmitter noradrenaline and other endogenous catecholamine agonists. They are classified into two main families, α and β, based on their pharmacological response and are further subdivided depending on their location, elicited response, and affinity to specific agonists or antagonists.
α-Adrenoceptors
α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors,...
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Adrenocortical carcinoma.

Tobias Else1, Alex C Kim, Aaron Sabolch

  • 1MEND/Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (T.E., T.J.G., G.D.H.), Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics (V.M.R.), Department of Internal Medicine; Departments of Radiation Oncology (A.S., J.S.), Pathology (T.J.G.), and Radiology (A.K., E.M.C.); and Division of Endocrine Surgery (B.S.M.), Section of General Surgery, (A.C.K.), Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.

Endocrine Reviews
|January 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with a poor outlook. This review covers ACC diagnosis, causes, and treatments, highlighting recent research and clinical insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Rare Cancers

Background:

  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy.
  • ACC often presents with an unfavorable prognosis, posing significant challenges in patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on adrenocortical carcinoma.
  • To review recent advancements in diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of ACC.
  • To offer perspectives based on experience from a dedicated multidisciplinary ACC clinic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence from basic science and clinical research.
  • Synthesis of knowledge regarding diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy.
  • Incorporation of clinical experience from a specialized multidisciplinary clinic.

Main Results:

  • Multidisciplinary clinics and international treatment trials for ACC have emerged.
  • Recent research has provided new insights into ACC.
  • Clinical experience offers valuable perspectives for patient management.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for managing adrenocortical carcinoma.
  • Continued research is essential for improving outcomes in ACC.
  • Integrating research findings with clinical expertise enhances patient care for ACC.