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Assessing patterns of hybridization between North Atlantic eels using diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

J M Pujolar1, M W Jacobsen1, T D Als2

  • 1Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.

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|January 16, 2014
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Summary

North Atlantic eels, European (Anguilla anguilla) and American (Anguilla rostrata), hybridize in the Sargasso Sea. Icelandic eels show significant hybridization, suggesting unique migratory patterns for hybrid offspring.

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Area of Science:

  • Ichthyology
  • Genetics
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • European (Anguilla anguilla) and American (Anguilla rostrata) eels spawn in the Sargasso Sea, creating opportunities for interbreeding.
  • Understanding hybridization is crucial for the conservation of both critically endangered eel species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent and patterns of hybridization between European and American eels.
  • To identify species-specific genetic markers for distinguishing pure and admixed individuals.
  • To explore the implications of hybridization for eel populations in Iceland and the Faroe Islands.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Restriction site Associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to discover diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • Designed a low-density SNP array and combined it with mitochondrial DNA marker screening.
  • Genotyped eels from Iceland (N=159), Faroe Islands (N=29), and Sargasso Sea larvae (N=94).

Main Results:

  • 10.7% of Icelandic eels exhibited admixed ancestry, with most identified as F1 hybrids (European female × American male) or backcrosses.
  • No hybrids were detected in the Faroe Islands.
  • Only two backcross hybrids were found among Sargasso Sea larvae, suggesting temporal variation in hybridization events.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid eel larvae may exhibit intermediate migratory behavior, leading them to Iceland.
  • The findings highlight the complex genetic interactions between North Atlantic eel species.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term viability and ecological impact of eel hybridization.