Eosinophilic myositis: an updated review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Pathology

Background:

• Eosinophilia-associated myopathies encompass heterogeneous conditions.
• Peripheral and/or muscle eosinophilia characterizes these disorders.
• Subtypes include focal eosinophilic myositis, eosinophilic polymyositis, and eosinophilic perimyositis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical and pathological heterogeneity of eosinophilia-associated myopathies.
• To highlight diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
• To discuss the diverse etiologies and management of these conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on eosinophilia-associated myopathies.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including muscle biopsy findings.
• Examination of treatment modalities and etiological factors.

Main Results:

• Muscle biopsy is crucial for diagnosis, often detecting eosinophil major basic protein.
• Eosinophilic polymyositis can link to muscular dystrophy or hypereosinophilic syndrome.
• Etiologies include parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, malignancies, drugs, and idiopathic cases.

Conclusions:

• Eosinophilia-associated myopathies require careful diagnosis and management.
• Treatment varies based on etiology, with glucocorticoids for idiopathic forms.
• Targeted therapies like imatinib and mepolizumab show promise in specific cases, particularly within hypereosinophilic syndromes.