Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
Published on: October 10, 2016
Di-μ-aqua-bis-[aqua-(5-carboxyl-ato-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carb-oxy-lic acid-κ(2) N (3),O (4))lithium]
Wojciech Starosta1, Janusz Leciejewicz1
1Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, ul.Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland.
Abstract:
The crystal structure of the title compound, [Li2(C4H2N3O4)2(H2O)4], contains centrosymmetric dinuclear mol-ecules in which two Li(I) ions are bridged by two water O atoms. The metal ion is coordinated by one N,O-bidentate ligand and three water O atoms (one of them is symmetry generated), with one of the bridging water O atoms in the apical position of a distorted square pyramid. The carboxyl-ate group that participates in coordination to the metal ion remains protonated; the other is deprotonated and coordination inactive. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond between carboxyl-ate groups is observed. In the crystal, dimers are linked by O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.
Related Concept Videos
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature
Weak Acid Solutions
Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the...

