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Updated: May 4, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
1',1''-Dimethyl-4'-(4-methyl-phen-yl)di-spiro-[11H-indeno-[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,2'-pyrrolidine-3',3''-piperidin]-4''-
R A Nagalakshmi1, J Suresh1, K Malathi2
1Department of Physics, The Madura College, Madurai 625 011, India.
This study details the molecular structure of C31H30N4O, revealing specific ring conformations and intra-molecular interactions. Crystal analysis shows C-H⋯π interactions forming helical chains, offering insights into crystal packing. Keywords: molecular structure, crystal packing, C31H30N4O.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular Chemistry
Background:
- Understanding the three-dimensional structure of organic compounds is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
- Crystal engineering relies on characterizing intermolecular forces to design materials with desired characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the detailed molecular and crystal structure of the compound C31H30N4O.
- To investigate the conformational preferences of the pyrrolidine ring and its relationship with the planar quinoxaline and indane moieties.
- To identify and analyze intra-molecular and inter-molecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and C-H⋯π interactions.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic arrangement of C31H30N4O.
- Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and conformational parameters was performed.
- Identification and analysis of non-covalent interactions, such as C-H⋯O, C-H⋯N, and C-H⋯π interactions, were conducted.
Main Results:
- The central pyrrolidine ring exhibits an envelope conformation, with the methylene carbon atom as the flap.
- The quinoxaline and indane rings are planar, with root-mean-square deviations of 0.030 Å and 0.050 Å, respectively.
- Dihedral angles between the pyrrolidine ring mean plane and the quinoxaline/indane rings are 88.25(1)° and 83.76(1)°, respectively.
- Intra-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N interactions were observed.
- Crystal packing analysis revealed the formation of helical supramolecular chains along the b-axis, driven by C-H⋯π interactions.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a comprehensive structural characterization of C31H30N4O.
- The observed intra-molecular interactions influence the overall molecular conformation.
- Inter-molecular C-H⋯π interactions play a significant role in directing the self-assembly of molecules into helical supramolecular structures in the solid state.
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